Why it is vital to broaden conservation framing beyond protected areas

Traditional approaches have marginalised indigenous communities and overlooked environmental issues.

Nepal, which already protects 23 percent of its land, is now considering expanding this to 30 percent in line with the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KM-GBF) 2022. Among the 23 targets adopted at the Convention on Biological Diversity’s COP15, the goal of conserving 30 percent of land and sea by 2030—popularly known as 30x30—has received particular attention.