What is an IPO? How does a company go public? How to apply for an IPO?

An IPO, or Initial Public Offering, marks the initial instance when a private company introduces its shares to the public, enabling both individuals and institutional investors to acquire ownership stakes. Businesses opt for an IPO to secure funds for various objectives such as expanding operations, reducing debt, or fulfilling other corporate needs. Additionally, it facilitates liquidity for current shareholders.

In the primary market, there are three main types: