Use of anthropogenic avian nesting materials in the Kathmandu City

Today, more than half of the world’s human population lives in ever-growing towns and cities (United Nations, 2011), which are significantly regarded as being of substantial value for urban bird diversity and abundance. The changes in habitat and resource availability associated with urbanization have an extensive effect on the chicks of urban birds.

The urban population in Nepal has also increased over a period between the years 2011 and 2021. A preliminary data of the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS, 2021) reveals that urban population has increased to 66.1 percent from 17.1 percent in this ten-year’s period. Kathmandu Municipality alone has more than 865 thousand population with 5,108 population density.